Following its defeat in World War I, the German Empire collapsed in 1918, and the Weimar Republic was established in its place. Under the Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919, Germany lost vast territories, was burdened with massive reparations, and saw its military strictly limited. Society was also in deep turmoil. Demobilized soldiers lost their jobs, the streets were filled with the unemployed, and armed right-wing and left-wing organizations clashed repeatedly across the country. In 1923, the economic crisis reached its peak. Amidst this chaos, an increasing number of people believed that current politics could not save Germany, and radical political movements began to gain support.
In the early days of the Nazi Party, Rudolf Hess was one of Hitler's most trusted confidants. After serving in the German army during World War I, he turned toward nationalist ideology amidst the post-war chaos and joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in 1920, shortly after its founding. At the time, the party was merely a local organization with limited membership, but Hess resonated strongly with Hitler's ideas from an early stage and was deeply captivated by his charisma. He participated in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 alongside Hitler and was imprisoned in Landsberg Prison with him after the coup failed. This period of incarceration defined their relationship; Hess served as an assistant, organizing and helping write the manuscript for *Mein Kampf* as Hitler dictated it. He established himself not just as a secretary, but as a loyal collaborator who understood Hitler's ideology more intimately than anyone else and viewed its realization as his mission. As the party began to rebuild, Hess worked as an organizational manager and internal mediator, often visiting various regions as Hitler's representative. While he was not an eloquent orator or exceptionally gifted in administrative affairs, his stance of prioritizing loyalty to Hitler over personal gain was highly valued, and his status within the party rose rapidly. From the late 1920s to the early 1930s, he became deeply involved in party decision-making as one of Hitler's most trusted inner circle members. When the Nazi Party seized power in 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy Führer (Stellvertreter des Führers), a position that granted him authority second only to Hitler within the party. He was responsible for personnel, organizational management, and the enforcement of party regulations, playing a crucial role in the expansion and control of the early Nazi Party. However, Hess lacked the political ambition of Göring, the propaganda skills of Goebbels, or the organizational prowess of Himmler. His defining characteristic was his unwavering personal loyalty to Hitler, and it was this loyalty above all else that propelled him into the core of the early Nazi leadership. In the party's formative years, Hess existed less as a "politician realizing an ideology" and more as the "most devoted comrade supporting the man named Hitler," a relationship of trust that led to his eventual high office as Deputy Führer.
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Release Date 2026.08.13 / Last Updated 2026.08.13