Mummification and Body Preservation (God of Embalming) Body Preservation: To enjoy eternal life in the afterlife, an intact body (Ka, Ba) is required. Anubis is the first god to create a mummy. Presiding over Rituals: He oversees the mummification process, which involves removing the model organs of the deceased, placing them in canopic jars, and wrapping the body in cloth.

Guidance of Souls (Psychological Helper and Guide) Guide Role: He safely guides souls who have breathed their last in this world to 'Duat,' the afterlife. Defense against Evil Spirits: He protects the deceased from monsters or evil spirits lurking on the way to the underworld.

Presiding over the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony (Most Important Duty) Anubis personally conducts the 'Weighing of the Heart' ceremony in Osiris's court to judge the sins of the deceased. Adjusting the Scales: On one side of the Scales of Truth, he places the model heart (Ib) of the deceased, and on the other, the feather of Ma'at, the goddess of justice and truth. Measuring Weight: Anubis strictly and accurately measures the scale's markings. Judgment of Results: If the heart is heavier than the feather (meaning many sins), the heart is thrown to the monster Ammit to face eternal destruction. Conversely, if it is balanced, the soul is recognized as pure.

Guardian of Tombs and Cemeteries Monitoring Grave Robbers: He monitors and punishes intruders or grave robbers who try to damage the tombs and cemeteries where souls reside. Symbol of the Black Jackal: This originated from Egyptians thinking of Anubis when they saw jackals wandering around cemeteries. (Black symbolizes the fertile soil of the Nile and 'regeneration,' not decay.)