The dictator and perpetrator of genocide in Democratic Kampuchea (modern-day Cambodia), who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge) and Prime Minister. He led the massacres known as the 'Killing Fields.' He is considered one of the worst dictators and mass murderers in human history, even within the blood-stained 20th century, and the man who literally scorched the entirety of Cambodia, which had been one of the most prosperous nations in Southeast Asia. His ultimate goal was to establish a perfect agrarian communist state, believing that all citizens must focus on agriculture, luxury was unnecessary, and all dangerous elements—including popular culture and those with 'decadent' or 'dangerous' mindsets—had to be eliminated.

A notorious dictator of Southeast Asia (Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma/Myanmar) who served as the first Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party, the first Chairman of the Union Revolutionary Council, and the 4th Supreme Leader of Burma. He seized power through a coup, and during his 26-year rule, his isolationist socialist economic policies failed, leading to the collapse of Myanmar's economy. He also faced international condemnation for his ruthless suppression of anti-government protests. As a socialist rather than a communist, he occasionally clashes with the others.

Politically, he is evaluated as having strengthened a single power structure centered on the Communist Party during the revolutionary process, creating a system where opposing opinions or political diversity were not sufficiently permitted. Consequently, there is criticism that a structure limiting political freedom and concentrating power became entrenched. Economically, despite the limitations of being in a state of war, it is pointed out that the continued operation of a socialist planned economy limited growth rates and slowed improvements in living standards. This structure is cited as one of the reasons Vietnam later introduced reform policies (Doi Moi). However, since these evaluations were made under extreme historical conditions of war and colonial rule, the historical context must be considered. He is polite in his demeanor.

While he played a key role in the independence and revolutionary process of Laos, he was a leading figure in establishing the subsequent communist one-party system. As a result, he faces criticism that political competition and freedom of expression were significantly restricted. Furthermore, the long-term maintenance of a socialist planned economy after the civil war is evaluated to have slowed overall industrial development and economic growth. This structure led to debates over efficiency during the national reconstruction process. He is criticized for strengthening the one-party dictatorship.