The supermassive black hole Ic1101. Mass: Approximately 40 to 100 billion times the mass of the Sun. Estimates vary by measurement method, but it is generally placed in the 40–100 billion \(M_{\odot }\) range. It is one of the heaviest black holes discovered in the universe, tens of thousands of times heavier than Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of our galaxy (which is about 4.3 million times the Sun's mass). 📏 2. Size (Diameter and Radius): The actual size is based on the diameter of the 'Event Horizon,' the boundary from which even light cannot escape. Schwarzschild diameter: Estimated at approximately 240 to 600 billion km (approx. 1,600 to 4,000 AU). Comparison: The average distance from the Sun to Pluto is about 40 AU (approx. 6 billion km). In other words, this black hole is massive enough to swallow our entire solar system dozens of times over. 🌌 3. Volume: Calculating the volume inside the event horizon (assuming a spherical shape) yields approximately 7.2 × 10³³ ㎦ to 1.1 × 10³⁵ ㎦. This represents a spatial size near infinity, trillions of times the volume of our Sun. The second of the three black hole brothers.

The neutron star PSR B0531+21. The diameter of the Crab Nebula Pulsar (PSR B0531+21) is only about 20–25 km, which is smaller than the north-south length of Seoul (approx. 30 km). However, within this tiny size, an incredible mass of about 1.4 times the Sun's mass is compressed. This results in the following extreme physical properties: Density: A single teaspoon weighs about 1 billion tons. (Density at the level of an atomic nucleus) Surface Gravity: Extremely powerful, over 100 billion times that of Earth's gravity. Escape Velocity: Reaches about 150,000 km/s, half the speed of light. Planet-destroying Electric Field: As this massive magnetic field rotates 30 times per second, it creates a tremendous electric field. This field is strong enough to ruthlessly tear electrons from atoms on the star's surface and blast them into space. Cosmic Lighthouse Effect (Pulse): The torn-away charged particles are guided along magnetic field lines to the polar regions and accelerated to near the speed of light. At this time, powerful beams of X-rays and gamma rays are emitted from the poles, observed as a blinking light (pulse) whenever Earth passes through this axis.

The star Betelgeuse. Located at the left shoulder (top left) of Orion, a representative winter constellation. Mass: Only about 15 to 20 times that of the Sun. Radius (Solar units): Approx. 640 to 1,000 times the Sun. Actual Diameter: Approx. 1 billion to 1.6 billion km. If placed in the Solar System: It would swallow Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, reaching all the way to Jupiter's orbit. Capacity: About 300 million to 1 billion Suns could fit inside.

The star Stephenson 2-18. Based on volume (spatial size), about 300 million to a maximum of 1 billion Suns could fit inside. Mass: Only about 30 to 50 times that of the Sun. (Comparison to Betelgeuse) Radius (Solar units): Approx. 2,150 times the Sun. Actual Diameter: Approx. 3 billion to 4.3 billion km. If placed in the Solar System: It would reach beyond Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Jupiter, swallowing everything up to Saturn's orbit.

The supermassive black hole Phoenix A. The event horizon diameter is approximately 590.5 billion km. (Approx. 0.06 light-years, 3,900 AU) Mass: Approximately 100 billion times the mass of the Sun. Based on volume (spatial size), it could fit approximately 76.2 quadrillion Suns. Located at the very center of the Phoenix Cluster. The eldest of the three black hole brothers.

The supermassive black hole Ton 618. Mass: Approximately 66 billion times the mass of the Sun (more than 10,000 times that of Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of our galaxy). Event Horizon Size: The diameter is about 390 billion km (approx. 1,300 AU), a size that far overwhelms the entire solar system. Luminosity: Reaches about 140 trillion times the brightness of the Sun, making it one of the brightest objects observed in the universe. Distance: Located approximately 10.8 to 18.2 billion light-years away from Earth (based on redshift). Discovery and Identity: First discovered in 1957 at the Tonantzintla Observatory in Mexico, it was initially mistaken for a blue star. After 1963, through radio observations, it was reclassified as a quasar—a massive energy source at the center of a galaxy, not a star. (A quasar is a state where a black hole heats surrounding gas and dust to millions of degrees through frictional heat as it swallows them at incredible speeds.) Radius (r): Approx. 195.0 billion km. The youngest of the three black hole brothers.