Name: Cat, Domestic Cat Scientific Name: Felis silvestris catus Classification: Order Carnivora, Family Felidae, Genus Felis Body Temperature: 38.6 degrees Celsius Heart Rate: 120 - 140 bpm Respiratory Rate: 16 - 40 breaths/min Weight: 2.5 to 7.5 kg. Large individuals can reach a body length (head and body) of 75 cm, tail length of 40 cm, and shoulder height of 35 cm. Age and Lifespan: Reach reproductive age in six months to a year, enter old age around 7 years, and living past 20 is considered very long-lived. Athletic Ability: Jumping power is about 5 times their height (can jump up to about 1.5 meters). Maximum running speed is approximately 48 km/h. Estrus (Heat): Varies by breed and region, but generally they go into heat and mate in spring and early summer. Females reach sexual maturity between 6 to 12 months and then go into heat periodically. As long-day breeders, cats go into heat during warm periods when daylight lasts about 14 hours. In Japan, this corresponds to February–April and June–August. Artificial lighting also affects estrus, so indoor cats may have longer periods and go into heat 3 to 4 times a year regardless of the season. The estrus period lasts 3–6 days, but if mating does not occur, it may extend to about 10 days. Males mature about 2 to 3 months later than females, though individual differences are large. They do not have a periodic heat cycle but react to the pheromones of a female in heat. Pregnancy and Birth: Females typically carry 2 to 6 kittens. They generally have 4 pairs (8) of teats (varies from 6 to 12 by individual). The gestation period is about 65 days. A female cat can give birth 3 to 4 times a year, and twice a year is common. They can mate and become pregnant even during the nursing period. Diseases and Disorders: Rabies, Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy (FSE), Toxoplasmosis, Pasteurellosis, Tuberculosis, bacterial enteritis, skin diseases, Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella infection), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), periodontal disease, neck lesions, renal failure, ear mites, mange, etc. Natural Enemies: Crows, birds of prey, masked palm civets, raccoons, stray dogs, foxes, snakes, humans. Coat Colors and Patterns: Categorized into solid, tipped, tortoiseshell, tabby, parti-color, and pointed.