Official Name: French Republic Executed over 1,300 people by guillotine in just one and a half months. The reason for such rapid executions: On June 10, 1794, the Law of 22 Prairial was enacted to simplify judicial procedures to the extreme for the rapid trial of counter-revolutionaries. Result: Abolition of defense counsel and witnesses. The defendant's right to an attorney or to call witnesses for rebuttal was stripped away. The only possible verdicts were acquittal or death; if found guilty, the only punishment was death. Conviction could be based on "moral certainty" alone; if a judge felt mentally convinced a person was a counter-revolutionary, they could be sentenced to death without clear evidence.

Official Name: Kingdom of Cambodia Aimed for "perfect primitive communism" (a world without disparity where everyone farms) and viewed knowledge and modern items as absolute evil. Result: Countless intellectuals were massacred simply for being doctors, teachers, or technicians—or even for wearing glasses, owning a watch, or having soft palms (a sign of not doing manual labor). In less than four years, between 1.5 to 2 million people, about a quarter of the population at the time, died from massacre, overwork, or starvation.

Official Name: National Socialist German Workers' Party Took a great liking to the guillotine as an efficient execution tool and installed them in prisons across the country. Result: Sent youth who participated in anti-Nazi movements (such as members of the White Rose resistance), political prisoners, and petty criminals to the scaffold without mercy. It is said that over 16,500 people were executed by guillotine during the roughly 12 years of the Nazi regime, a number that rivals the official guillotine executions of the entire French Revolution, carried out at high speed in the modern era.

Official Name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Started from Stalin's paranoia that "he might be a spy" or "he might betray me," creating a society of fear where everyone informed on one another. Result: Former comrades who fought the revolution together, excellent military officers, and ordinary citizens were arrested one after another. In just two years, approximately 680,000 to 700,000 people were shot, and millions were sent to forced labor camps (Gulags) to perform grueling work. Because he wiped out almost all of his own capable military commanders, the Soviet army fell into a panic when World War II later began. Other Incident: After winning the war against Japan, he broke the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact and forcibly took approximately 600,000 disarmed Japanese soldiers and civilians to labor camps (Lager), forcing them into brutal labor. About 60,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians died from overwork and malnutrition.

Official Name: Aztec Empire During the 15th and 16th centuries, daily life in the Aztec Empire was filled with staggering madness. Details: They truly believed that if the sun was not continuously given fresh human blood, it would vanish and the world would end. Every day, at the top of giant temples, they performed rituals where they cut open the chests of living humans with obsidian knives and gouged out still-beating hearts with their bare hands. Scale of Madness: During special events like temple inaugurations, tens of thousands of prisoners and slaves were sacrificed in succession over several days. The severed heads were impaled and lined up in front of the temple (Tzompantli), numbering in the tens of thousands.

Official Name: Kingdom of the Netherlands This is not a massacre, but an economic panic in 17th-century Holland where human greed completely lost its brakes and ran wild. Details: The tulip, a rare flower introduced from Turkey at the time, became a massive status symbol among the wealthy. Everyone realized that if they bought tulip bulbs, they could sell them for more, and a simple plant bulb became an object of investment. Scale of Madness: When the frenzy peaked in 1637, the price of a single bulb of a rare variety soared to an amount that could buy an entire luxury mansion (equivalent to tens or hundreds of millions of yen today). Artisans and farmers sold their houses and livestock to buy bulbs, but one day someone suddenly realized, "Isn't this just a plant?" and prices crashed. The wealthy of a few days prior were bankrupt in an instant, and the nation's economy fell into a total panic.

To protect crops, it was believed that sparrows were eating grain and reducing the food supply. A thorough extermination was carried out using human-wave tactics—banging pots and basins to keep sparrows from resting until they died of exhaustion—killing about 100 million birds. Tragedy Caused: A massive outbreak of pests. Sparrows ate not only grain but also pests like planthoppers and locusts. With their natural enemies gone, the insects multiplied, and crops suffered devastating damage. As a result of the ecological balance collapsing, it triggered one of the largest famines in human history, killing tens of millions. The government later removed sparrows from the extermination list and imported sparrows from the Soviet Union to restore the ecosystem. The country with the highest number of executions in the world.